Human Health Effects of Drinking Water Fluoride Contamination: Indian Scenario
نویسندگان
چکیده
Fluoride is one of the main contaminants in groundwater present naturally in many parts of the globe causing a set of human health symptoms known commonly as Fluorosis. India lies in the geographical belt with 225 districts of 19 States having high fluoride concentrations (> 1.5 mg/l) in groundwater. For many rural as well as urban areas in India, hand-pumps and tube-wells are the only source of safe drinking water. With increasing population and increasing demands of water from below the ground, the fluoride contamination is spreading to newer areas every year. About 62 million people in India suffer from dental, skeletal and non-skeletal fluorosis including 6 million children below the age of 14 years. This paper presents quantitative assessment of fluoride contamination in groundwater and the associated fluorosis severity reported from various parts of India. It also summarizes research carried out in the country on reversal of dental and skeletal fluorosis through oral medicines; role of aluminium in aggravation of fluorosis; and dietary interventions in large communities across the country as possible remedies for this serious public health problem.
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